FTYPE

$ ftype
Access.ACCDAExtension.16=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\MSACCESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP "%1"
Access.ACCDCFile.16="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\MSACCESS.EXE" /NOSTARTUP "%1"
... more associations

$ ftype Word.Document.8
Word.Document.8="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\WINWORD.EXE" /n "%1" /o "%u"

$ ftype | find "Excel"
Excel.Addin="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\EXCEL.EXE" "%1"
Excel.AddInMacroEnabled="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\EXCEL.EXE" "%1"
Excel.Backup="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\EXCEL.EXE" "%1"
Excel.Chart=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Root\Office16\EXCEL.EXE "%1"
... more info

$ ftype /?
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations

FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]]

  fileType  Specifies the file type to examine or change
  openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files
                    of this type.

Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types that
have open command strings defined.  FTYPE is invoked with just a file
type, it displays the current open command string for that file type.
Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command will
delete the open command string for the file type.  Within an open
command string %0 or %1 are substituted with the file name being
launched through the assocation.  %* gets all the parameters and %2
gets the 1st parameter, %3 the second, etc.  %~n gets all the remaining
parameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,
inclusive.  For example:

    ASSOC .pl=PerlScript
    FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %*

would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows:

    script.pl 1 2 3

If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do the
following:

    set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT%

and the script could be invoked as follows:

    script 1 2 3