The C++11 standard is a major extension to the C++ standard. Below you can find an overview of the changes as they have been grouped on the isocpp FAQ with links to more detailed documentation.

Language Extensions

General Features

• auto
• decltype
• Range-for statement
• Initializer lists
• Uniform initialization syntax and semantics
• Rvalue references and move semantics
• Lambdas
• noexcept to prevent exception propagation
• constexpr
• nullptr – a null pointer literal
• Copying and rethrowing exceptions
• Inline namespaces
• User-defined literals

Classes

• =default and =delete
• Control of default move and copy
• Delegating constructors
• In-class member initializers
• Inherited constructors
• Override controls: override
• Override controls: final
• Explicit conversion operators

Other Types

• enum class
• long long – a longer integer
• Extended integer types
• Generalized unions
• Generalized PODs

Templates

• Extern templates
• Template aliases
• Variadic templates
• Local types as template arguments

Concurrency

• Concurrency memory model
• Dynamic initialization and destruction with concurrency
• Thread-local storage

Miscellaneous Language Features

• What is the value of __cplusplus for C++11?
• Suffix return type syntax
• Preventing narrowing
• Right-angle brackets
• static_assert compile-time assertions
• Raw string literals
• Attributes
• Alignment
• C99 features

Library Extensions

General

• unique_ptr
• shared_ptr
• weak_ptr
• Garbage collection ABI
• tuple
• Type traits
• function and bind
• Regular Expressions
• Time utilities
• Random number generation
• Scoped allocators

Containers and Algorithms

• Algorithms improvements
• Container improvements
• unordered_* containers
• std::array
• forward_list

Concurrency

• Threads
• Mutual exclusion
• Locks
• Condition variables
• Atomics
• Futures and promises
• async
• Abandoning a process

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