Class basics

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A class is a user-defined type. A class is introduced with the class, struct or union keyword. In colloquial usage, the term “class” usually refers only to non-union classes.

A class is a collection of class members, which can be:

The class and struct keywords, called class keys, are largely interchangeable, except that the default access specifier for members and bases is “private” for a class declared with the class key and “public” for a class declared with the struct or union key (cf. access modifiers).

For example, the following code snippets are identical:

struct Vector
{
    int x;
    int y;
    int z;
};
// are equivalent to
class Vector
{
public:
    int x;
    int y;
    int z;
};

By declaring a class` a new type is added to your program, and it is possible to instantiate objects of that class by

Vector my_vector;

Members of a class are accessed using dot-syntax.

my_vector.x = 10;
my_vector.y = my_vector.x + 1; // my_vector.y = 11;
my_vector.z = my_vector.y - 4; // my:vector.z = 7;

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