Inserting values in a set

Three different methods of insertion can used with sets.

First, a simple insert of the value. This method returns a pair allowing the caller to check whether the insert really occurred.
Second, an insert by giving a hint of where the value will be inserted. The objective is to optimize the insertion time in such a case, but knowing where a value should be inserted is not the common case. Be careful in that case; the way to give a hint differs with compiler versions.
Finally you can insert a range of values by giving a starting and an ending pointer. The starting one will be included in the insertion, the ending one is excluded.

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> sut;
  std::set<int>::iterator it;
  std::pair<std::set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;

  // Basic insert
  sut.insert(7);
  sut.insert(5);
  sut.insert(12);
  
  ret = sut.insert(23);
  if (ret.second==true)
    std::cout << "# 23 has been inserted!" << std::endl;
    
  ret = sut.insert(23); // since it's a set and 23 is already present in it, this insert should fail
  if (ret.second==false)
    std::cout << "# 23 already present in set!" << std::endl;
 
  // Insert with hint for optimization
  it = sut.end();
  // This case is optimized for C++11 and above
  // For earlier version, point to the element preceding your insertion
  sut.insert(it, 30); 

  // inserting a range of values
  std::set<int> sut2;
  sut2.insert(20);
  sut2.insert(30);
  sut2.insert(45);
  std::set<int>::iterator itStart = sut2.begin();
  std::set<int>::iterator itEnd = sut2.end();
  
  sut.insert (itStart, itEnd); // second iterator is excluded from insertion

  std::cout << std::endl << "Set under test contains:" << std::endl;
  for (it = sut.begin(); it != sut.end(); ++it)
  {
    std::cout << *it << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

Output will be:

# 23 has been inserted!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
# 23 already present in set!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Set under test contains:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
45

Found a mistake? Have a question or improvement idea? Let me know.

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