Non-type template parameter

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Apart from types as a template parameter we are allowed to declare values of constant expressions meeting one of the following criteria:

Like all template parameters, non-type template parameters can be explicitly specified, defaulted, or derived implicitly via Template Argument Deduction.

Example of non-type template parameter usage:

#include <iostream>

template<typename T, std::size_t size>
std::size_t size_of(T (&anArray)[size])  // Pass array by reference. Requires.
{                                        // an exact size. We allow all sizes
    return size;                         // by using a template "size".
}

int main()
{
    char anArrayOfChar[15];
    std::cout << "anArrayOfChar: " << size_of(anArrayOfChar) << "\n";

    int  anArrayOfData[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
    std::cout << "anArrayOfData: " << size_of(anArrayOfData) << "\n";
}

Example of explicitly specifying both type and non-type template parameters:

#include <array>
int main ()
{
    std::array<int, 5> foo; // int is a type parameter, 5 is non-type
}

Non-type template parameters are one of the ways to achieve template recurrence and enables to do Metaprogramming.

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