Operator precedence

Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence. Operators with the same number have equal precedence and the same associativity.

1. ::
2. The postfix operators: [] () T(...) . -> ++ -- dynamic_cast static_cast reinterpret_cast const_cast typeid
3. The unary prefix operators: ++ -- \* & \+ \- \! ~ sizeof new delete delete[]; the C-style cast notation, (T)...; (C++11 and above) sizeof... alignof noexcept
4. .* and ->*
5. \*, /, and %, binary arithmetic operators
6. \+ and \-, binary arithmetic operators
7. << and >>
8. \<, \>, <=, >=
9. == and !=
10. &, the bitwise AND operator
11. ^
12. |
13. &&
14. ||
15. ?: (ternary conditional operator)
16. =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, >>=, <<=, &=, ^=, |=
17. throw
18. , (the comma operator)

The assignment, compound assignment, and ternary conditional operators are right-associative. All other binary operators are left-associative.

The rules for the ternary conditional operator are a bit more complicated than simple precedence rules can express.

• An operand binds less tightly to a ? on its left or a : on its right than to any other operator. Effectively, the second operand of the conditional operator is parsed as though it is parenthesized. This allows an expression such as a ? b , c : d to be syntactically valid.
• An operand binds more tightly to a ? on its right than to an assignment operator or throw on its left, so a = b ? c : d is equivalent to a = (b ? c : d) and throw a ? b : c is equivalent to throw (a ? b : c).
• An operand binds more tightly to an assignment operator on its right than to : on its left, so a ? b : c = d is equivalent to a ? b : (c = d).