PHP

suggest change

In php.ini (this is the default after PHP 5.6):

default_charset UTF-8

When building a web page:

header('Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8');

When connecting to MySQL:

(for mysql:)   Do not use the mysql_* API!
(for mysqli:)  $mysqli_obj->set_charset('utf8mb4');
(for PDO:)     $db = new PDO('dblib:host=host;dbname=db;charset=utf8', $user, $pwd);

In code, do not use any conversion routines.

For data entry,

<form accept-charset="UTF-8">

For JSON, to avoid \uxxxx:

$t = json_encode($s, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);

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