Customizing initialization with paramaters

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struct MetricDistance {
    var distanceInMeters: Double

    init(fromCentimeters centimeters: Double) {
        distanceInMeters = centimeters / 100
    }
    init(fromKilometers kilos: Double) {
        distanceInMeters = kilos * 1000
    }
}

let myDistance = MetricDistance(fromCentimeters: 42)
// myDistance.distanceInMeters is 0.42
let myOtherDistance = MetricDistance(fromKilometers: 42)
// myOtherDistance.distanceInMeters is 42000

Note that you cannot omit the parameter labels:

let myBadDistance = MetricDistance(42) // error: argument labels do not match any available overloads

In order to allow omission of parameter labels, use an underscore \_ as the label:

struct MetricDistance {
    var distanceInMeters: Double
    init(_ meters: Double) {
        distanceInMeters = meters
    }
}
let myDistance = MetricDistance(42) // distanceInMeters = 42

If your argument labels share names with one or more properties, use self to explicitly set the property values:

struct Color {
    var red, green, blue: Double
    init(red: Double, green: Double, blue: Double) {
        self.red = red
        self.green = green
        self.blue = blue
    }
}

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